水平和垂直尺度乔、灌、草覆盖度遥感提取研究进展   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

黄健熙  吴炳方  曾源  田亦陈 《地球科学进展》2005,20(8):871-881

植被覆盖及其变化是区域生态系统环境变化的重要指示,而植被覆盖度是植物群落覆盖地表状况的一个综合量化指标,是生态模型、碳循环、水循环模型等的重要特征参量。传统的植被覆盖度是指一定尺度下所有植被(乔、灌、草)覆盖的综合反映值,当考虑植被垂直方向的异质性,垂直尺度的乔、灌、草覆盖度提取为定量化准确衡量生态环境、全球气候变化等领域提供更具有生态意义的植被参量。目前,遥感大面积估算水平尺度乔、灌、草覆盖度已有比较成熟和可靠的算法,主要方法有：植被指数法、回归分析法、分类决策树法、神经网络法、像元分解模型法、物理模型反演法等,其估算精度基本能达到应用要求。植被垂直方向的异质性给垂直尺度乔、灌、草覆盖度遥感提取带来较大挑战,垂直尺度上的乔、灌、草覆盖度遥感提取的研究在欧美等国已经有了一定规模的开展,在国内则处于起步阶段。遥感提取垂直尺度乔、灌、草覆盖度的主要手段有：激光雷达（LIDAR）、多角度遥感以及两层结构冠层反射模型反演。综述了水平尺度和垂直尺度上乔、灌、草覆盖度遥感提取的最新进展,比较和分析主要的遥感提取方法、模型和现存的一些问题,并对未来的研究发展趋势进行了展望。  相似文献   

Numerical simulation of fracture path and nonlinear closure for simultaneous and sequential fracturing in a horizontal well     

《Computers and Geotechnics》2017

Reservoir stimulation requires a model to evaluate the fracture path and closure for the simultaneous or sequential propagation of the hydraulic fracture (HF). This paper presents a fluid-solid coupled model to simulate multi-stage HF propagation. A non-linear joint model is proposed to evaluate the fracture closure when the created fractures are elastically propped. HF closure continues until the balance of external stress matches the proppant's resistance. The reservoir along the horizontal wellbore is not stimulated equally by the multi-stage fracturing. The HFs in the subsequent stage are ‘repelled’ and restrained by the HFs in the previous stage.  相似文献   

新疆吉木萨尔县准页4井钻探施工技术   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

熊虎林  张飞 《探矿工程》2017,44(12):38-42

以新疆吉木萨尔县准页4井钻探工程为背景,从钻井井身结构、钻具组合、泥浆工艺、取心技术措施、井斜控制等方面,简要介绍了页岩气参数井采用石油钻机施工工艺流程。针对施工过程中遇到的大砾径覆盖层钻进、超长裸眼段钻进及钻井漏失等问题,通过采取优化钻具结构、调整泥浆粘切润滑性能、使用桥浆堵漏等技术措施,工程得以顺利完工,各项技术指标满足设计要求。总结了实践经验,可为该区大口径钻井施工提供经验借鉴。  相似文献   

基岩水井水力分段压裂增水技术研究与应用          下载免费PDF全文

李小杰  叶成明  李炳平  解伟  潘德元 《探矿工程》2012,39(Z1):56-61

随着我国社会、经济的快速发展和人民生活水平的不断提高,水资源供需矛盾日益突出。特别近几年,我国西南、西北、华北等许多地区发生持续干旱,当地的人畜用水极度困难。抗旱找水打井工作十分迫切。针对我国基岩水井取水存在部分水井出水量偏低的状况,从基于水井压裂机理、压裂液、压裂工艺等方面开展了分段压裂增水技术研究工作,并进行了试验。成功探索出一套适合我国国情的水文水井用水力压裂技术,为我国合理开发和利用地下水资源,缓解基岩山区水资源紧张提供了技术支撑。  相似文献   

Improvement on the estimation of constant-rate drawdown in large-diameter wells     

Y.C. Chang  C.T. Wang 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(3):716-727

Abstract

Papadopulos and Cooper's (PC) solution can be used to describe the drawdown resulting from pumping with a constant rate at a large-diameter well. However, this solution is too complicated to be accurately evaluated due to the oscillatory nature of the Bessel functions. The PC approach resulted in tabulated values of dimensionless drawdown at the well with an accuracy of four or fewer digits for selected values of dimensionless storage coefficient versus dimensionless time. Some researchers have fitted the tabulated values with interpolation formulas that are easy to use in engineering applications. Those formulas may be more accurate if the tabulated values are computed with greater accuracy. In this study, we propose an efficient numerical procedure, including a root search scheme, to find the roots of the integrand, Gaussian quadrature for numerical integration, and Shanks transform to accelerate convergence of infinite series. The proposed procedure can evaluate the dimensionless drawdown with greater accuracy and is useful in practice if there is a need for high accuracy for the observation either at the well or in the aquifer at some distance from the pumping well

Editor D. Koutsoyiannis

Citation Chang, Y.C., Yeh, H.D., and Wang, C.T., 2013. Improvement on the estimation of constant-rate drawdown in large-diameter wells. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 58 (3), 716–727.  相似文献   

扩展的倾斜角和倾斜角总水平导数方法     

王明  郭志宏  骆遥  罗锋 《地球物理学进展》2013,28(3)

为了突出显示重磁场中地质体分布、断裂构造特征等信息,使图像显示错落有序、层次分明、清楚直观,有利于解释人员从不同角度认识重磁场异常特征.本文通过分析倾斜角概念,根据反余切函数特性,提出了扩展的倾斜角(iTdr)和倾斜角总水平导数(iTdr_Thdr)方法,来增强重磁异常信息,突出异常形状特点,以便于识别重磁异常中地质体边界和提取地质体分布、断裂构造平面展布特征等信息.理论模型和实际资料对比分析表明该方法简单、实用、具有较好的识别效果和较高的分辨能力,能够获取丰富的地质信息,对识别地质体边界、划分大地构造单元、确定断裂带和地质构造走向等具有实际意义.  相似文献   

层状各向异性地层中三维感应测井响应快速计算及资料处理   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

肖加奇  张国艳  洪德成  杨善德 《地球物理学报》2013,56(2):696-706

本文采用广义反射系数法推导了水平层状各向异性地层中电磁场的积分解析解,并利用快速汉克尔变换技术实现了三维感应仪器测井响应的快速计算.三维感应测井响应与地层水平电导率、垂直电导率和井斜角及仪器方位角同时有关,单一分量的测井曲线不能满足资料解释的需要.通过对仪器测量分量响应特征的考察,本文提出了一种基于组合量测井曲线的资料直观解释方法.数值模拟显示,交叉分量相关组合量可准确划分地层纵向边界,并可直观识别各向异性层;与单独分量相比,主分量相关组合量提高了纵向分辨率、减弱了与地层电导率参数的非线性关系.  相似文献   

Horizontal rough fracture type curves for groundwater movement     

《水文科学杂志》2013,58(6):1125-1138

Abstract

Type curves are derived analytically for radial flow in rough horizontal fractures toward a well. The basic assumptions are that there is no turbulent flow near the borehole and the well storage is ignored. The basis of the methodology is to write explicit expressions for the continuity and cubic law flow equations, which are combined using a Boltzmann transformation leading to a simple ordinary differential equation for groundwater movement. Solutions are presented as a set of type curves for different fracture apertures. It is observed that the solutions provide a method of uniquely identifying fracture hydraulic parameters when the fracture is smooth, but pose ambiguity for rough fracture parameter estimations. However, large time portions of these type curves appear as straight lines on semi-logarithmic paper, which provides a unique way for rough fracture parameter determination. Identification of the fracture parameters, namely, the aperture and relative roughness, is possible in a unique manner with the use of these lines and the dimensionless time drawdown concept. The cubic law is the asymptotic behaviour, either for large times or large fracture apertures. Prior to this asymptotic part, there is a non-cubic portion which gives rise to systematic deviations from the cubic law. The technique presented is useful, especially for evaluating pumping tests from a single major fracture isolated by packers.  相似文献   

三种压力源模型对火山区地面变形的影响   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

胡亚轩  王庆良  崔笃信  李克  郑传芳 《东北地震研究》2005,21(3):33-38

本文主要分析Mogi点源模型、有限标准椭球体及张开型矩形位错等三种压力源模型对火山区地面变形的影响，指出它们各自在垂直和水平形变方面的不同特点，最后对长白山火山区可能存在的压力源形状进行了分析。  相似文献   

苏北地区老井复查测井综合评价技术及方法研究     

徐卫良  马大洪  王安本  卞乃干  杨立东 《上海国土资源》2010,31(Z1)

随着苏北小油田勘探开发程度的提高,非常规储层日益成为重点勘探开发的对象。苏北地区老井测井资料复查,立足现有的常规测井资料,结合测试等资料,通过扎实的基础工作和测井评价技术和分析方法的进步和提高,重点在干、密、水、无中全方位找油,并对以往相对忽视和评价认识手段方法相对不足的低孔渗储层、特殊含灰低孔渗储层与低阻油层作为重点研究分析对象,对测井资料进行全面复查评价,取得了良好的油气成果。  相似文献